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200 kHz commercial sonar systems generate lower frequency side lobes audible to some marine mammals

PloS one, 2014-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e95315-e95315 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science ;COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science ;2014 Deng et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2014 Deng et al 2014 Deng et al ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095315 ;PMID: 24736608

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Title:
200 kHz commercial sonar systems generate lower frequency side lobes audible to some marine mammals
Author: Deng, Z Daniel ; Southall, Brandon L ; Carlson, Thomas J ; Xu, Jinshan ; Martinez, Jayson J ; Weiland, Mark A ; Ingraham, John M
Zeng, Fan-Gang
Subjects: Acoustics ; Analysis ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Auditory Perception ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Delphinapterus leucas ; Delphinidae ; Dolphins ; Earth Sciences ; Echo sounding ; Echosounders ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Energy ; Energy measurement ; Environmental impact ; Environmental impact assessment ; Fishing ; Genetic aspects ; Hearing ; Impact analysis ; Laboratories ; Lobes ; Marine mammals ; Measuring instruments ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Noise ; Orcinus orca ; Phocoena phocoena ; Physiological aspects ; Porpoises ; Pseudorca crassidens ; Sonar ; Spatial Navigation ; Sport fishing ; Studies ; Tursiops truncatus ; Whale, Killer - physiology ; Whales & whaling
Is Part Of: PloS one, 2014-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e95315-e95315
Description: The spectral properties of pulses transmitted by three commercially available 200 kHz echo sounders were measured to assess the possibility that marine mammals might hear sound energy below the center (carrier) frequency that may be generated by transmitting short rectangular pulses. All three sounders were found to generate sound at frequencies below the center frequency and within the hearing range of some marine mammals, e.g. killer whales, false killer whales, beluga whales, Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, harbor porpoises, and others. The frequencies of these sub-harmonic sounds ranged from 90 to 130 kHz. These sounds were likely detectable by the animals over distances up to several hundred meters but were well below potentially harmful levels. The sounds generated by the sounders could potentially affect the behavior of marine mammals within fairly close proximity to the sources and therefore the exclusion of echo sounders from environmental impact analysis based solely on the center frequency output in relation to the range of marine mammal hearing should be reconsidered.
Publisher: United States: Public Library of Science
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095315
PMID: 24736608
Source: Freely Accessible Journals
PubMed Central (Open access)
PLoS
MEDLINE
Directory of Open Access Journals
ProQuest Central

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200 kHz commercial sonar systems generate lower frequency side lobes audible to some marine mammals

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