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Paper and Pulp

Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present, 2005, p.752-753

Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis. ;ISBN: 0765680580 ;ISBN: 9780765680587 ;EISBN: 9781315704661 ;EISBN: 1317471539 ;EISBN: 9781317471530 ;EISBN: 1315704668 ;DOI: 10.4324/9781315704661-322

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  • Title:
    Paper and Pulp
  • Author: Northrup, Cynthia Clark ; Bentley, Jerry H. ; Eckes, Jr, Alfred E. ; Manning, Patrick ; Pomeranz, Kenneth ; Topik, Steven
  • Is Part Of: Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present, 2005, p.752-753
  • Description: From China, paper also spread eastward to Korea through trade and other cultural contact, likely by the third century, and then to Japan, perhaps by the fourth century. Papermakers in China gradually reduced or eliminated their use of refuse cloth and turned almost exclusively to raw natural fibers, such as hemp, rattan, bamboo, and mulberry. Paper also spread westward along trade routes, and, by the eighth century, it reached central Asia, where Muslim papermakers developed techniques utilizing refuse rag fibers. Trade and conquest by Muslims are alone responsible for the introduction of paper to Europe by the eleventh century, first in Islamic Spain. Indeed, the word for today’s standard unit of paper-”ream”—is derived from the Spanish resma, which in turn comes from the Arabic rizma (bundle), the primary form in which paper was traded throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Italy was also an early adopter of papermaking techniques acquired through cultural and political ties with Arab-Islamic northern Africa: paper first appeared in Sicily before the twelfth century.
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISBN: 0765680580
    ISBN: 9780765680587
    EISBN: 9781315704661
    EISBN: 1317471539
    EISBN: 9781317471530
    EISBN: 1315704668
    DOI: 10.4324/9781315704661-322
  • Source: Ebook Central Academic Complete
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