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Annual Age-Grouping and Athlete Development: A Meta-Analytical Review of Relative Age Effects in Sport

Sports medicine (Auckland), 2009-01, Vol.39 (3), p.235-256 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Springer International Publishing AG 2009 ;2009 INIST-CNRS ;COPYRIGHT 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. ;Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International 2009 ;ISSN: 0112-1642 ;EISSN: 1179-2035 ;DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005 ;PMID: 19290678 ;CODEN: SPMEE7

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Title:
Annual Age-Grouping and Athlete Development: A Meta-Analytical Review of Relative Age Effects in Sport
Author: Cobley, Stephen ; Baker, Joseph ; Wattie, Nick ; McKenna, Jim
Subjects: Adolescent ; Adolescent Development - physiology ; Age Distribution ; Age groups ; Athletes ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child Development - physiology ; Demographic aspects ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Odds Ratio ; Physiological aspects ; Review Article ; Sports - classification ; Sports - statistics & numerical data ; Sports Medicine ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Young Adult
Is Part Of: Sports medicine (Auckland), 2009-01, Vol.39 (3), p.235-256
Description: Annual age-grouping is a common organizational strategy in sport. However, such a strategy appears to promote relative age effects (RAEs). RAEs refer both to the immediate participation and long-term attainment constraints in sport, occurring as a result of chronological age and associated physical (e.g. height) differences as well as selection practices in annual age-grouped cohorts. This article represents the first meta-analytical review of RAEs, aimed to collectively determine (i) the overall prevalence and strength of RAEs across and within sports, and (ii) identify moderator variables. A total of 38 studies, spanning 1984–2007, containing 253 independent samples across 14 sports and 16 countries were re-examined and included in a single analysis using odds ratios and random effects procedures for combining study estimates. Overall results identified consistent prevalence of RAEs, but with small effect sizes. Effect size increased linearly with relative age differences. Follow-up analyses identified age category, skill level and sport context as moderators of RAE magnitude. Sports context involving adolescent (aged 15–18 years) males, at the representative (i.e. regional and national) level in highly popular sports appear most at risk to RAE inequalities. Researchers need to understand the mechanisms by which RAEs magnify and subside, as well as confirm whether RAEs exist in female and more culturally diverse contexts. To reduce and eliminate this social inequality from influencing athletes’ experiences, especially within developmental periods, direct policy, organizational and practitioner intervention is required.
Publisher: Cham: Springer International Publishing
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0112-1642
EISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005
PMID: 19290678
CODEN: SPMEE7
Source: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
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Annual Age-Grouping and Athlete Development: A Meta-Analytical Review of Relative Age Effects in Sport

Springer International Publishing AG 2009 ;2009 INIST-CNRS ;COPYRIGHT 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. ;Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International 2009 ;ISSN: 0112-1642 ;EISSN: 1179-2035 ;DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005 ;PMID: 19290678 ;CODEN: SPMEE7

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