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Novel insights and therapeutic approaches in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

Hematology, 2018-11, Vol.2018 (1), p.318-325

2018 by The American Society of Hematology. All rights reserved. ;2018 by The American Society of Hematology. All rights reserved. 2018 American Society of Hematology ;ISSN: 1520-4391 ;EISSN: 1520-4383 ;DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.318 ;PMID: 30504327

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Title:
Novel insights and therapeutic approaches in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
Author: Fajgenbaum, David C
Subjects: Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use ; Anxiety-Provoking Consults: Macrophage Activation Syndrome, Castleman Disease, and Hypereosinophilia ; Castleman Disease - diagnosis ; Castleman Disease - drug therapy ; Castleman Disease - etiology ; Castleman Disease - metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections - complications ; Herpesviridae Infections - diagnosis ; Herpesviridae Infections - drug therapy ; Herpesviridae Infections - metabolism ; Herpesvirus 8, Human - metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 - antagonists & inhibitors ; Interleukin-6 - metabolism ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Signal Transduction - drug effects
Is Part Of: Hematology, 2018-11, Vol.2018 (1), p.318-325
Description: Castleman disease (CD) describes a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders that share characteristic lymph node histopathology. Patients of all ages present with either a solitary enlarged lymph node (unicentric CD) or multicentric lymphadenopathy (MCD) with systemic inflammation, cytopenias, and life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction resulting from a cytokine storm often driven by interleukin 6 (IL-6). Uncontrolled human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection causes approximately 50% of MCD cases, whereas the etiology is unknown in the remaining HHV-8-negative/idiopathic MCD cases (iMCD). The limited understanding of etiology, cell types, and signaling pathways involved in iMCD has slowed development of treatments and contributed to historically poor patient outcomes. Here, recent progress for diagnosing iMCD, characterizing etio-pathogenesis, and advancing treatments are reviewed. Several clinicopathological analyses provided the evidence base for the first-ever diagnostic criteria and revealed distinct clinical subtypes: thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis/renal dysfunction, organomegaly (iMCD-TAFRO) or iMCD-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS), which are both observed all over the world. In 2014, the anti-IL-6 therapy siltuximab became the first iMCD treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, on the basis of a 34% durable response rate; consensus guidelines recommend it as front-line therapy. Recent cytokine and proteomic profiling has revealed normal IL-6 levels in many patients with iMCD and potential alternative driver cytokines. Candidate novel genomic alterations, dysregulated cell types, and signaling pathways have also been identified as candidate therapeutic targets. RNA sequencing for viral transcripts did not reveal novel viruses, HHV-8, or other viruses pathologically associated with iMCD. Despite progress, iMCD remains poorly understood. Further efforts to elucidate etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches, particularly for siltuximab-refractory patients, are needed.
Publisher: United States: American Society of Hematology
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1520-4391
EISSN: 1520-4383
DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.318
PMID: 30504327
Source: MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Alma/SFX Local Collection

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Novel insights and therapeutic approaches in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

2018 by The American Society of Hematology. All rights reserved. ;2018 by The American Society of Hematology. All rights reserved. 2018 American Society of Hematology ;ISSN: 1520-4391 ;EISSN: 1520-4383 ;DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.318 ;PMID: 30504327

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