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Replication of the coronavirus genome: A paradox among positive-strand RNA viruses

The Journal of biological chemistry, 2022-05, Vol.298 (5), p.101923-101923, Article 101923 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022 The Authors ;Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;Attribution ;2022 The Authors 2022 ;ISSN: 0021-9258 ;EISSN: 1083-351X ;DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101923 ;PMID: 35413290

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  • Title:
    Replication of the coronavirus genome: A paradox among positive-strand RNA viruses
  • Author: Grellet, Emeline ; L'Hôte, India ; Goulet, Adeline ; Imbert, Isabelle
  • Subjects: coronavirus ; COVID-19 - virology ; Genome, Viral - genetics ; Humans ; JBC Reviews ; Life Sciences ; macromolecular complexes ; Mutation ; Positive-Strand RNA Viruses - genetics ; RNA replication and proofreading ; RNA virus ; RNA, Viral - genetics ; RNA, Viral - metabolism ; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins - metabolism ; Virus Replication - genetics
  • Is Part Of: The Journal of biological chemistry, 2022-05, Vol.298 (5), p.101923-101923, Article 101923
  • Description: Coronavirus (CoV) genomes consist of positive-sense single-stranded RNA and are among the largest viral RNAs known to date (∼30 kb). As a result, CoVs deploy sophisticated mechanisms to replicate these extraordinarily large genomes as well as to transcribe subgenomic messenger RNAs. Since 2003, with the emergence of three highly pathogenic CoVs (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2), significant progress has been made in the molecular characterization of the viral proteins and key mechanisms involved in CoV RNA genome replication. For example, to allow for the maintenance and integrity of their large RNA genomes, CoVs have acquired RNA proofreading 3′-5′ exoribonuclease activity (in nonstructural protein nsp14). In order to replicate the large genome, the viral-RNA–dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; in nsp12) is supplemented by a processivity factor (made of the viral complex nsp7/nsp8), making it the fastest known RdRp. Lastly, a viral structural protein, the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is primarily involved in genome encapsidation, is required for efficient viral replication and transcription. Therefore, CoVs are a paradox among positive-strand RNA viruses in the sense that they use both a processivity factor and have proofreading activity reminiscent of DNA organisms in addition to structural proteins that mediate efficient RNA synthesis, commonly used by negative-strand RNA viruses. In this review, we present a historical perspective of these unsuspected discoveries and detail the current knowledge on the core replicative machinery deployed by CoVs.
  • Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0021-9258
    EISSN: 1083-351X
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101923
    PMID: 35413290
  • Source: DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals
    Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
    MEDLINE
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
    PubMed Central(OpenAccess)
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