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Life Cycle Assessment of River Sand and Aggregates Alternatives in Concrete

Materials, 2023-03, Vol.16 (5), p.2064 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG ;2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2023 by the authors. 2023 ;ISSN: 1996-1944 ;EISSN: 1996-1944 ;DOI: 10.3390/ma16052064 ;PMID: 36903179

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  • Title:
    Life Cycle Assessment of River Sand and Aggregates Alternatives in Concrete
  • Author: Anh, Le Hung ; Mihai, Florin-Constantin ; Belousova, Anna ; Kucera, Radek ; Oswald, Klaus-Dieter ; Riedel, Wolfgang ; Sekar, Naveedh Ahmed ; Schneider, Petra
  • Subjects: Aggregates ; Alternatives ; Analysis ; Ashes ; Building materials ; Cement ; Compressive strength ; Concrete ; Concrete aggregates ; Concrete properties ; Construction industry ; Construction materials ; ecological footprint ; Ecosystems ; Environmental impact ; Footprint analysis ; Investigations ; Laboratories ; Laboratory tests ; Life cycle assessment ; Materials substitution ; Metamorphic rocks ; Natural resources ; Recycling ; river sand alternatives ; Rocks, Metamorphic ; Sand ; Sand & gravel ; substitutive building materials ; Urbanization ; Waste disposal
  • Is Part Of: Materials, 2023-03, Vol.16 (5), p.2064
  • Description: Urbanization processes in Asia are still ongoing; thus, aggregate demand is expected to increase in following years. Even though construction and demolition waste is a source for secondary building materials in industrialized countries, it is not yet an alternative construction material source in Vietnam as the urbanization process is still ongoing. Thus, there is a need for river sand and aggregates alternatives in concrete, namely manufactured sand (m-sand) from primary solid rock materials and secondary waste materials. The focus in the present study for Vietnam was on m-sand sand as alternative for river sand, and different ashes as alternatives for cement in concrete. The investigations comprised concrete lab tests according to the formulations of concrete strength class C 25/30 in accordance with DIN EN 206, followed by a lifecycle assessment study in order to identify the environmental impact of the alternatives. In total 84 samples were investigated, consisting of 3 reference samples, 18 samples with primary substitutes, 18 samples with secondary substitutes, and 45 samples with cement substitutes. This kind of holistic investigation approach comprising material alternatives and accompanying LCA was the first study for Vietnam, and even for Asia, and represents a substantial added value for future policy development in order to cope with resource scarcity. The results show that with the exception of metamorphic rocks, all m-sands meet the requirements for quality concrete. In terms of cement replacement, the mixes showed that a higher percentage of ash reduces the compressive strength. The compressive strength values of the mixes with up to 10% coal filter ash or rice husk ash were equivalent to the C25/30 standard concrete formulation. Higher ash contents up to 30% lead to the reduction of the concrete quality. The LCA study's results highlighted the better environmental footprints across environmental impact categories in the 10% substitution material in comparison to the use of primary materials. The LCA analysis results showed that cement as a component in concrete holds the highest footprint. The use of secondary waste as alternative for cement provides significant environmental advantage.
  • Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1996-1944
    EISSN: 1996-1944
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16052064
    PMID: 36903179
  • Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
    PubMed Central
    Directory of Open Access Journals
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
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