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A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe

Parasites & vectors, 2019-12, Vol.12 (1), p.599-19, Article 599 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2019 BioMed Central Ltd. ;2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;The Author(s) 2019 ;ISSN: 1756-3305 ;EISSN: 1756-3305 ;DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3852-6 ;PMID: 31864403

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Title:
A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe
Author: Matei, Ioana A ; Estrada-Peña, Agustín ; Cutler, Sally J ; Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel ; Varela-Castro, Lucía ; Potkonjak, Aleksandar ; Zeller, Herve ; Mihalca, Andrei D
Subjects: Anaplasma phagocytophilum ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum - classification ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum - drug effects ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum - genetics ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum - isolation & purification ; Anaplasmosis ; Anaplasmosis - drug therapy ; Anaplasmosis - epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis - microbiology ; Anaplasmosis - transmission ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Antibiotics ; Arachnids ; Arthralgia ; Beef cattle ; Biodiversity ; Bites (Injuries) ; Buffalo ; Clinical signs ; Comparative analysis ; Deer ; Diagnosis ; Disease transmission ; Dogs ; Domestic animals ; Doxycycline ; Epidemiology ; Europe - epidemiology ; Farmers ; Fever ; Forestry ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic research ; Genetic variability ; Genetic variation ; Headache ; Health risks ; HGA ; Horses ; Human behavior ; Humans ; Hunters ; Infection ; Infections ; Infectivity ; Ixodes - parasitology ; Ixodes - physiology ; Laboratory tests ; Life Sciences ; Medical tests ; Microbiology and Parasitology ; Myalgia ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Phylogenetics ; Prevalence ; Proteins ; Review ; Strains ; Tests ; Tick-borne diseases ; Ticks ; Transmission ; Veterinarians ; Veterinary surgeons ; Workers ; Zoonoses
Is Part Of: Parasites & vectors, 2019-12, Vol.12 (1), p.599-19, Article 599
Description: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of tick-borne fever, equine, canine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The common route of A. phagocytophilum transmission is through a tick bite, the main vector in Europe being Ixodes ricinus. Despite the apparently ubiquitous presence of the pathogen A. phagocytophilum in ticks and various wild and domestic animals from Europe, up to date published clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) remain rare compared to the worldwide status. It is unclear if this reflects the epidemiological dynamics of the human infection in Europe or if the disease is underdiagnosed or underreported. Epidemiologic studies in Europe have suggested an increased occupational risk of infection for forestry workers, hunters, veterinarians, and farmers with a tick-bite history and living in endemic areas. Although the overall genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in Europe is higher than in the USA, the strains responsible for the human infections are related on both continents. However, the study of the genetic variability and assessment of the difference of pathogenicity and infectivity between strains to various hosts has been insufficiently explored to date. Most of the European HGA cases presented as a mild infection, common clinical signs being pyrexia, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. The diagnosis of HGA in the USA was recommended to be based on clinical signs and the patient's history and later confirmed using specialized laboratory tests. However, in Europe since the majority of cases are presenting as mild infection, laboratory tests may be performed before the treatment in order to avoid antibiotic overuse. The drug of choice for HGA is doxycycline and because of potential for serious complication the treatment should be instituted on clinical suspicion alone.
Publisher: England: BioMed Central Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1756-3305
EISSN: 1756-3305
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3852-6
PMID: 31864403
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Springer Nature OA/Free Journals
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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A review on the eco-epidemiology and clinical management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and its agent in Europe

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