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Measures of Racism, Sexism, Heterosexism, and Gender Binarism for Health Equity Research: From Structural Injustice to Embodied Harm-An Ecosocial Analysis

Annual review of public health, 2020-04, Vol.41 (1), p.37-62 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

ISSN: 0163-7525 ;EISSN: 1545-2093 ;DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094017 ;PMID: 31765272

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  • Title:
    Measures of Racism, Sexism, Heterosexism, and Gender Binarism for Health Equity Research: From Structural Injustice to Embodied Harm-An Ecosocial Analysis
  • Author: Krieger, Nancy
  • Subjects: Environment ; Gender Identity ; health equity ; Health Equity - organization & administration ; Health Equity - standards ; heterosexism ; Humans ; Prejudice - legislation & jurisprudence ; Prejudice - psychology ; Racism ; Research - organization & administration ; Research - standards ; sexism ; Sexism - psychology ; structural injustice
  • Is Part Of: Annual review of public health, 2020-04, Vol.41 (1), p.37-62
  • Description: Racism. Sexism. Heterosexism. Gender binarism. Together, they comprise intimately harmful, distinct, and entangled societal systems of self-serving domination and privilege that structure the embodiment of health inequities. Guided by the ecosocial theory of disease distribution, I synthesize key features of the specified "isms" and provide a measurement schema, informed by research from both the Global North and the Global South. Metrics discussed include ( a ) structural, including explicit rules and laws, nonexplicit rules and laws, and area-based or institutional nonrule measures; and ( b ) individual-level (exposures and internalized) measures, including explicit self-report, implicit, and experimental. Recommendations include ( a ) expanding the use of structural measures to extend beyond the current primary emphasis on psychosocial individual-level measures; ( b ) analyzing exposure in relation to both life course and historical generation; ( c ) developing measures of anti-isms; and ( d ) developing terrestrially grounded measures that can reveal links between the structural drivers of unjust isms and their toll on environmental degradation, climate change, and health inequities.
  • Publisher: United States: Annual Reviews
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0163-7525
    EISSN: 1545-2093
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094017
    PMID: 31765272
  • Source: Annual Reviews Open Access
    MEDLINE
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