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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Prasiola japonica , an Edible Freshwater Green Algae, and Its Various Solvent Fractions in LPS-Induced Macrophages and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema via the AP-1 Pathway

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-12, Vol.27 (1), p.194 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2021 by the authors. 2021 ;ISSN: 1420-3049 ;EISSN: 1420-3049 ;DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010194 ;PMID: 35011425

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Title:
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Prasiola japonica , an Edible Freshwater Green Algae, and Its Various Solvent Fractions in LPS-Induced Macrophages and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema via the AP-1 Pathway
Author: Rahmawati, Laily ; Park, Sang Hee ; Kim, Dong Seon ; Lee, Hwa Pyoung ; Aziz, Nur ; Lee, Chae Young ; Kim, Seung A ; Jang, Seok Gu ; Kim, Dong Sam ; Cho, Jae Youl
Subjects: Algae ; Animal models ; Animals ; anti-inflammatory ; Anti-inflammatory agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology ; AP-1 pathway ; Aquatic plants ; Biological Products - chemistry ; Biological Products - isolation & purification ; Biological Products - pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; Butanol ; Carrageenan ; Carrageenan - adverse effects ; Carrageenans ; Chemical Fractionation - methods ; Chloroform ; Chlorophyta - chemistry ; Cytokines ; Disease Management ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Edema ; Edema - drug therapy ; Edema - etiology ; Edema - metabolism ; Edema - pathology ; Ethanol ; Fractions ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Hexanes ; Immunoblotting ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory diseases ; Kinases ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lipopolysaccharides - adverse effects ; Liquid chromatography ; Lysates ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - drug effects ; Macrophages - immunology ; Macrophages - metabolism ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Mice ; Molecular modelling ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; paw edema ; Phosphorylation ; Phytochemicals ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prasiola ; Prasiola japonica ; Proteins ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Signal transduction ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Solvents ; Transcription Factor AP-1 - metabolism ; Transcription factors ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Is Part Of: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-12, Vol.27 (1), p.194
Description: possesses several biological activities. However, reports on the anti-inflammatory activities and molecular mechanisms of its different solvent fractions remain limited. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract (Pj-EE) and four solvent fractions of Pj-EE made with hexane (Pj-EE-HF), chloroform (Pj-EE-CF), butanol (Pj-EE-BF), or water (Pj-EE-WF) in both in vitro (LPS-induced macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells) and in vivo (carrageenan-induced acute paw edema mouse models) experiments. The most active solvent fraction was selected for further analysis. Various in vitro and in vivo assessments, including nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, luciferase assays, real-time polymerase chain reactions, and immunoblotting analyses were performed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the phytochemical constituents were characterized by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In in vitro studies, the highest inhibition of NO production was observed in Pj-EE-CF. Further examination revealed that Pj-EE-CF decreased the expression of inflammation-related cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and suppressed subsequent AP-1-luciferase activity by inhibition of phosphorylation events in the AP-1 signaling pathway. Pj-EE-CF treatment also demonstrated the strongest reduction in thickness and volume of carrageenan-induced paw edema, while Pj-EE-BF showed the lowest activity. Furthermore, Pj-EE-CF also reduced gene expression and cytokines production in tissue lysates of carrageenan-induced paw edema. These findings support and validate the evidence that Pj-EE, and especially Pj-EE-CF, could be a good natural source for an anti-inflammatory agent that targets the AP1 pathway.
Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1420-3049
EISSN: 1420-3049
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010194
PMID: 35011425
Source: Freely Accessible Journals
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Prasiola japonica , an Edible Freshwater Green Algae, and Its Various Solvent Fractions in LPS-Induced Macrophages and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema via the AP-1 Pathway

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