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Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome

Cell, 2021-04, Vol.184 (8), p.2053-2067.e18 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 The Authors ;Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;ISSN: 1097-4172 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052 ;PMID: 33794144

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Title:
Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome
Author: Groussin, Mathieu ; Poyet, Mathilde ; Sistiaga, Ainara ; Kearney, Sean M. ; Moniz, Katya ; Noel, Mary ; Hooker, Jeff ; Gibbons, Sean M. ; Segurel, Laure ; Froment, Alain ; Mohamed, Rihlat Said ; Fezeu, Alain ; Juimo, Vanessa A. ; Lafosse, Sophie ; Tabe, Francis E. ; Girard, Catherine ; Iqaluk, Deborah ; Nguyen, Le Thanh Tu ; Shapiro, B. Jesse ; Lehtimäki, Jenni ; Ruokolainen, Lasse ; Kettunen, Pinja P. ; Vatanen, Tommi ; Sigwazi, Shani ; Mabulla, Audax ; Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel ; Nartey, Yvonne A. ; Agyei-Nkansah, Adwoa ; Duah, Amoako ; Awuku, Yaw A. ; Valles, Kenneth A. ; Asibey, Shadrack O. ; Afihene, Mary Y. ; Roberts, Lewis R. ; Plymoth, Amelie ; Onyekwere, Charles A. ; Summons, Roger E. ; Xavier, Ramnik J. ; Alm, Eric J.
Subjects: antimicrobial resistance ; bacterial genomics ; culturomics ; horizontal gene transfer ; host-microbe interactions ; human gut microbiome ; industrialization ; Life Sciences ; lifestyle ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; urbanization ; virulence
Is Part Of: Cell, 2021-04, Vol.184 (8), p.2053-2067.e18
Description: Industrialization has impacted the human gut ecosystem, resulting in altered microbiome composition and diversity. Whether bacterial genomes may also adapt to the industrialization of their host populations remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the extent to which the rates and targets of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) vary across thousands of bacterial strains from 15 human populations spanning a range of industrialization. We show that HGTs have accumulated in the microbiome over recent host generations and that HGT occurs at high frequency within individuals. Comparison across human populations reveals that industrialized lifestyles are associated with higher HGT rates and that the functions of HGTs are related to the level of host industrialization. Our results suggest that gut bacteria continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle and that high rates of HGT may be a recent development in human history linked to industrialization. [Display omitted] •Thousands of gut bacterial genomes from worldwide human populations were sequenced•HGT occurs at high frequency in the gut microbiome of individual persons•HGT occurs more frequently in the microbiome of industrialized and urban populations•Transferred gene functions in the microbiome reflect the lifestyle of the host A worldwide microbiome analysis from 15 populations along the industrialization gradient reveals that horizontal gene transfer occurs on short timescales and that microbiomes continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle.
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0092-8674
ISSN: 1097-4172
EISSN: 1097-4172
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052
PMID: 33794144
Source: Cell Press Free Archives
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
SWEPUB Freely available online

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Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome

2021 The Authors ;Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;ISSN: 1097-4172 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052 ;PMID: 33794144

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