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Geometric morphometrics for the study of facial expressions in non-human animals, using the domestic cat as an exemplar

Scientific reports, 2019-07, Vol.9 (1), p.9883-12, Article 9883 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2019 ;ISSN: 2045-2322 ;EISSN: 2045-2322 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46330-5 ;PMID: 31285531

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  • Title:
    Geometric morphometrics for the study of facial expressions in non-human animals, using the domestic cat as an exemplar
  • Author: Finka, Lauren R ; Luna, Stelio P ; Brondani, Juliana T ; Tzimiropoulos, Yorgos ; McDonagh, John ; Farnworth, Mark J ; Ruta, Marcello ; Mills, Daniel S
  • Subjects: Animals ; Cats ; Emotions - physiology ; Face - physiology ; Facial Expression ; Humans ; Morphometry ; Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative - physiopathology ; Species
  • Is Part Of: Scientific reports, 2019-07, Vol.9 (1), p.9883-12, Article 9883
  • Description: Facial expression is a common channel for the communication of emotion. However, in the case of non-human animals, the analytical methods used to quantify facial expressions can be subjective, relying heavily on extrapolation from human-based systems. Here, we demonstrate how geometric morphometrics can be applied in order to overcome these problems. We used this approach to identify and quantify changes in facial shape associated with pain in a non-human animal species. Our method accommodates individual variability, species-specific facial anatomy, and postural effects. Facial images were captured at four different time points during ovariohysterectomy of domestic short haired cats (n = 29), with time points corresponding to varying intensities of pain. Images were annotated using landmarks specifically chosen for their relationship with underlying musculature, and relevance to cat-specific facial action units. Landmark data were subjected to normalisation before Principal Components (PCs) were extracted to identify key sources of facial shape variation, relative to pain intensity. A significant relationship between PC scores and a well-validated composite measure of post-operative pain in cats (UNESP-Botucatu MCPS tool) was evident, demonstrating good convergent validity between our geometric face model, and other metrics of pain detection. This study lays the foundation for the automatic, objective detection of emotional expressions in a range of non-human animal species.
  • Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322
    EISSN: 2045-2322
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46330-5
    PMID: 31285531
  • Source: MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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