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A cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive function in Brazilian youths

Psicologia, reflexão e crítica, 2023, Vol.36 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ;ISSN: 1678-7153 ;EISSN: 1678-7153 ;DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00249-z

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  • Title:
    A cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive function in Brazilian youths
  • Author: Santos, Rhaná Carolina ; Dalfovo, Nicole Prigol ; Machado, Julia de Freitas ; Azeredo, Lucas Araújo de ; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo ; Portuguez, Mirna Wetters ; Buchweitz, Augusto
  • Subjects: PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
  • Is Part Of: Psicologia, reflexão e crítica, 2023, Vol.36
  • Description: Abstract We carried out an exploratory study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive functions in Brazilian preadolescents. The study included 56 participants (31 males) aged 8 to 14 years old (mean = 11.3, SD = 1.0). We administered neuropsychological tests to evaluate executive functions and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) to evaluate exposure to violence. We used the following neuropsychological instruments: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Stroop Color-Word Interference task, digits subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and an N-back task. We generated a composite score from neuropsychological test scores and investigated the association of that score, and individual test scores, with exposure to violence and socioeconomic status (SES). Results suggest, first, that exposure to violence is associated with a 0.5-point lower intelligence quotient score for every reported victimization event in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results also show that the digits backward subtest scores showed a significant negative correlation with exposure to violence (JVQ; rho = -0.29, p < 0.05); both analyses were adjusted for the level of schooling of parents or guardians, which was also found to be significantly associated with lower intelligence quotient scores. We discuss results in the light of the existing literature on the effects of exposure to violence on adolescent development, and the amounting evidence that suggests an association of exposure to violence, and of victimization, with tests that evaluate constructs of executive functions. The study struggled with low compliance from participants, and we underscore the challenges of carrying out empirical studies aimed at better understanding the development of underrepresented youths, such as those from Central and Latin America.
  • Publisher: Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
  • Language: Portuguese
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1678-7153
    EISSN: 1678-7153
    DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00249-z
  • Source: ProQuest One Psychology
    SciELO
    PubMed Central
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    Springer Nature OA Free Journals
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