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The same chemical state of carbon gives rise to two peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Scientific reports, 2021-05, Vol.11 (1), p.11195-11195, Article 11195 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2021 ;ISSN: 2045-2322 ;EISSN: 2045-2322 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90780-9 ;PMID: 34045623

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  • Title:
    The same chemical state of carbon gives rise to two peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
  • Author: Greczynski, G. ; Hultman, L.
  • Is Part Of: Scientific reports, 2021-05, Vol.11 (1), p.11195-11195, Article 11195
  • Description: Abstract Chemical state analysis in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) relies on assigning well-defined binding energy values to core level electrons originating from atoms in particular bonding configurations. Here, we present direct evidence for the violation of this paradigm. It is shown that the C 1s peak due to C–C/C–H bonded atoms from adventitious carbon (AdC) layers accumulating on Al and Au foils splits into two distinctly different contributions, as a result of vacuum level alignment at the AdC/foil interface. The phenomenon is observed while simultaneously recording the spectrum from two metal foils in electric contact with each other. This finding exposes fundamental problems with the reliability of reported XPS data as C 1s peak of AdC is routinely used for binding energy scale referencing. The use of adventitious carbon in XPS should thus be discontinued as it leads to nonsense results. Consequently, ISO and ASTM charge referencing guides need to be rewritten.
  • Publisher: London: Nature Publishing Group UK
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322
    EISSN: 2045-2322
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90780-9
    PMID: 34045623
  • Source: PubMed Central
    SWEPUB Freely available online
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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