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Edema
: Diagnosis and Management
American family physician, 2013-07, Vol.88 (2), p.102-110B
[Peer Reviewed Journal]
American Family Physician ;Copyright American Academy of Family Physicians Jul 15, 2013 ;ISSN: 0002-838X ;EISSN: 1532-0650 ;PMID: 23939641
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Title:
Edema
: Diagnosis and Management
Author:
Trayes, Kathryn P., MD
;
Studdiford, James S., MD
;
Pickle, Sarah, MD
;
Tully, Amber S., MD
Subjects:
Ankle
;
Cellulitis
;
Compression therapy
;
Congenital diseases
;
Cytokines
;
Edema
;
Edema
- diagnosis
;
Edema
- etiology
;
Edema
- therapy
;
Granulocytes
;
Heart failure
;
Humans
;
Internal Medicine
;
Kidney diseases
;
Lymphedema
;
Lymphedema - diagnosis
;
Lymphedema - therapy
;
Malnutrition
;
Patients
;
Permeability
;
Physical Examination
;
Plasma
;
Protein synthesis
;
Proteins
;
Pulmonary hypertension
;
Skin
;
Sleep apnea
;
Surgery
;
Thrombosis
;
Thyroid gland
;
Ultrasonic imaging
;
Veins & arteries
;
Venous Insufficiency - diagnosis
;
Venous Insufficiency - therapy
;
Venous Thrombosis - diagnosis
;
Venous Thrombosis - therapy
;
Weight control
Is Part Of:
American family physician, 2013-07, Vol.88 (2), p.102-110B
Description:
Edema
is an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space that occurs as the capillary filtration exceeds the limits of lymphatic drainage, producing noticeable clinical signs and symptoms. The rapid development of generalized pitting
edema
associated with systemic disease requires timely diagnosis and management. The chronic accumulation of
edema
in one or both lower extremities often indicates venous insufficiency, especially in the presence of dependent
edema
and hemosiderin deposition. Skin care is crucial in preventing skin breakdown and venous ulcers. Eczematous (stasis) dermatitis can be managed with emollients and topical steroid creams. Patients who have had deep venous thrombosis should wear compression stockings to prevent postthrombotic syndrome. If clinical suspicion for deep venous thrombosis remains high after negative results are noted on duplex ultrasonography, further investigation may include magnetic resonance venography to rule out pelvic or thigh proximal venous thrombosis or compression. Obstructive sleep apnea may cause bilateral leg edema even in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. Brawny, nonpitting skin with edema characterizes lymphedema, which can present in one or both lower extremities. Possible secondary causes of lymphedema include tumor, trauma, previous pelvic surgery, inguinal lymphadenectomy, and previous radiation therapy. Use of pneumatic compression devices or compression stockings may be helpful in these cases.
Publisher:
United States: American Academy of Family Physicians
Language:
English
Identifier:
ISSN: 0002-838X
EISSN: 1532-0650
PMID: 23939641
Source:
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
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