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Captive-reared Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) exhibit high survival in natural conditions using in situ enclosures

PloS one, 2023-05, Vol.18 (5), p.e0286027-e0286027 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. ;COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science ;This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286027 ;PMID: 37235546

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Title:
Captive-reared Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) exhibit high survival in natural conditions using in situ enclosures
Author: Baerwald, Melinda R ; Kwan, Nicole ; Pien, Catarina ; Auringer, Grace ; Carson, Evan W ; Cocherell, Dennis E ; Ellison, Luke ; Fangue, Nann A ; Finger, Amanda J ; Gille, Daphne A ; Hudson, Haley ; Hung, Tien-Chieh ; Sommer, Ted ; Stevenson, Troy ; Schreier, Brian M
Subjects: Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Breeding ; Captive breeding ; Captive wild animals ; Conservation ; Content analysis ; Deltas ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Effectiveness ; Enclosures ; Endangered & extinct species ; Endangered Species ; Environmental protection ; Estuaries ; Extinction ; Fish ; Food resources ; Hypomesus transpacificus ; Laboratories ; Methods ; Navigable channels ; Osmeriformes ; Predation ; Protection and preservation ; River channels ; Rivers ; San Francisco ; Ships ; Stainless steel ; Survival ; Wildlife conservation ; Zooplankton
Is Part Of: PloS one, 2023-05, Vol.18 (5), p.e0286027-e0286027
Description: Conservation of endangered fishes commonly includes captive breeding, applied research, and management. Since 1996, a captive breeding program has existed for the federally threatened and California endangered Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, an osmerid fish endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary. Although this program serves as a captive refuge population, with experimental releases being initiated to supplement the wild population, it was uncertain how individuals would survive, feed, and maintain condition outside hatchery conditions. We evaluated this and the effects of three enclosure designs (41% open, 63% open, and 63% open with partial outer mesh wrap) on growth, survival, and feeding efficacy of cultured Delta Smelt at two locations (Sacramento River near Rio Vista, CA and in Sacramento River Deepwater Ship Channel) in the wild. Enclosures exposed fish to semi-natural conditions (ambient environmental fluctuations and wild food resources) but prevented escape and predation. After four weeks, survival was high for all enclosure types (94-100%) at both locations. The change in condition and weight was variable between sites, increasing at the first location but decreasing at the second location. Gut content analysis showed that fish consumed wild zooplankton that came into the enclosures. Cumulatively, results show that captive-reared Delta Smelt can survive and forage successfully when housed in enclosures under semi-natural conditions in the wild. When comparing enclosure types, we observed no significant difference in fish weight changes (p = 0.58-0.81 across sites). The success of housing captive-reared Delta Smelt in enclosures in the wild provides preliminary evidence that these fish may be suitable to supplement the wild population in the San Francisco Estuary. Furthermore, these enclosures are a new tool to test the efficacy of habitat management actions or to acclimate fish to wild conditions as a soft release strategy for recently initiated supplementation efforts.
Publisher: United States: Public Library of Science
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286027
PMID: 37235546
Source: PLoS (Open access)
Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Directory of Open Access Journals
ProQuest Central

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Captive-reared Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) exhibit high survival in natural conditions using in situ enclosures

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