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110 Years of change in urban tree stocks and associated carbon storage

Ecology and evolution, 2014-04, Vol.4 (8), p.1413-1422 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2014 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;2014 Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;2014. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2014 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2014 ;ISSN: 2045-7758 ;EISSN: 2045-7758 ;DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1017 ;PMID: 24834337

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  • Title:
    110 Years of change in urban tree stocks and associated carbon storage
  • Author: Díaz‐Porras, Daniel F. ; Gaston, Kevin J. ; Evans, Karl L.
  • Subjects: Air pollution ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon sequestration ; Carbon storage ; Ecosystem management ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; Infrastructure ; Investments ; large trees ; old trees ; Open spaces ; Original Research ; Photography ; Planting ; Preservation ; repeat photography ; Resource management ; Stocks ; street trees ; Tree planting ; Trees ; Trends ; Urban areas ; urban greening ; Urban planning ; Urban sprawl ; urban tree planting ; Urbanization ; Vegetation
  • Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution, 2014-04, Vol.4 (8), p.1413-1422
  • Description: Understanding the long‐term dynamics of urban vegetation is essential in determining trends in the provision of key resources for biodiversity and ecosystem services and improving their management. Such studies are, however, extremely scarce due to the lack of suitable historical data. We use repeat historical photographs from the 1900s, 1950s, and 2010 to assess general trends in the quantity and size distributions of the tree stock in urban Sheffield and resultant aboveground carbon storage. Total tree numbers declined by a third from the 1900s to the 1950s, but increased by approximately 50% from the 1900s–2010, and by 100% from the 1950s–2010. Aboveground carbon storage in urban tree stocks had doubled by 2010 from the levels present in the 1900s and 1950s. The initial decrease occurred at a time when national and regional tree stocks were static and are likely to be driven by rebuilding following bombing of the urban area during the Second World War and by urban expansion. In 2010, trees greater than 10 m in height comprised just 8% of those present. The increases in total tree numbers are thus largely driven by smaller trees and are likely to be associated with urban tree planting programmes. Changes in tree stocks were not constant across the urban area but varied with the current intensity of urbanization. Increases from 1900 to 2010 in total tree stocks, and smaller sized trees, tended to be greatest in the most intensely urbanized areas. In contrast, the increases in the largest trees were more marked in areas with the most green space. These findings emphasize the importance of preserving larger fragments of urban green space to protect the oldest and largest trees that contribute disproportionately to carbon storage and other ecosystem services. Maintaining positive trends in urban tree stocks and associated ecosystem service provision will require continued investment in urban tree planting programmes in combination with additional measures, such as revisions to tree preservation orders, to increase the retention of such trees as they mature. Using repeat photography, we demonstrate that in Sheffield, UK, we show that between 1900 to 2010, urban tree stocks initially declined and then increased significantly, resulting in a doubling of aboveground carbon storage. Rates of temporal change were not uniform across the spatial urbanization gradient, which has implications for the use of space‐for‐time swops in urban environments. Increase in small trees was greatest in areas with little green space, sites which had the smallest increase in large trees. Investment in urban tree planting is required to maintain the positive direction of change, but their long‐term legacy requires changes in management to increase the proportion of such trees that mature.
  • Publisher: England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2045-7758
    EISSN: 2045-7758
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1017
    PMID: 24834337
  • Source: Open Access: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    Freely Accessible Journals
    Open Access: PubMed Central
    AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
    Wiley Online Library Open Access
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
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